Tuesday, July 6, 2010

Raising Lemons

Lemon trees can grow from 22 to 25 feet tall. They are covered with thorns and have long, pointed, pale green leaves. The trees produce large, white, fragrant flowers throughout the year, except for the winter. Lemons develop from the ovaries of the blossoms and riped about 7 to 8 months after the flowers bloom. Lemon trees may carry blossoms and fruit at the same time.

Lemon trees are grown from buds cut from trees that produce the type of lemon desired. The buds are grafted to seedling lemon trees called rootstocks. Rootstock varieties are chosen for about 4 years after grafting, and some continue to bear fruit for 50 years.

Lemon trees may be severely damaged by frost and freezing temperatures, and growers use a variety of methods to protect the trees from cold weather. For example, some growers prevent frost by warming the cold air near the ground with oil-burning heaters. Other lemon growers use large fans called wind machines to mix the cold surface air with the warmer air above it. Lemon trees may also be attacked by such insect pests as mites, scale insects, and thrips. Mites and scale insects feed on the leaves, fruit, and twigs of the trees. Thrips attack the buds and the fruit. Growers combat the insects by growing varieties of trees that resist the pests spray orchards with fungicides to fight fungal diseases, which attack the leaves, fruit, and roots of the trees.

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