Red Cloud was one of the greatest warriors and chiefs of the Oglala, a band of Teton Sioux Indians. During the 1860's, Red Cloud and his followers fought to keep the whites our of Sioux territory in what are now Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Some historians have called this struggle Red Cloud's War.
During the 1860's, white settlers began to travel to Bozeman Trail to gold fields in Montana. This trail crossed northeastern Wyoming, a main hunting area of the Sioux. Red Cloud's band continually attacked travelers on the trail. In 1866, to keep the route open, the U.S. Army built Fort Phil Kearny and Fort Reno in Wyoming and Fort C.F. Smith in Montana. Red Cloud and his allies kept these forts under siege for almost two years.
In 1868, the United States government agreed to abandon the three forts and not build any more roads through Sioux territory. Because of this victory, Red Cloud has been called the only Indian who ever won a war against the U.S. government. He lived at peace with the whites after 1868.
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