Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a serious disease that is often fatal. One of the rickettsias, which are germs slightly larger than viruses, causes the disease. The germ infects the Rock Mountain wood tick and the American dog tick. The ticks become infected when they bite small mammals, such as field mice and dogs, that are infected with the germ. When the tick bites a person, it transfers rickettsia to the person's bloodstream. Doctors first discovered the fever in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States, but it occurs throughout the country. It is most common in the southeastern and Middle Atlantic States. About 600 cases are reported every year, usually in late spring or early summer. It begins with chills and fever, and severe pains in the leg muscles and joints. Then a rash develops. Rocky Mountain spotted fever resembles many of the typhus diseases.
Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and other antibiotics are effective in treatment. Vaccines against the disease have proved relatively ineffective. Recovery from the fever gives complete immunity.
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