Raindrops act as tiny prisms and mirrors to break up sunlight into colors of the spectrum and send colored light back to our eyes. Each drop forms many colors. But the color that reaches our eyes from a particular drop depends on the angle between it and the line formed by the sun's rays. Many raindrops, each sending colored light at certain angles, form a rainbow.
The reflection, refraction, and diffraction of the sun's rays as they fall on drops of rain cause this interesting phenomenon. These processes produce all the colors of the color spectrum - violet, indigo blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. However, the colors of a rainbow blend into each other so that an observer rarely sees more than four or five clearly. The width of each color band varies, and depends chiefly on the size of the raindrops in which a rainbow forms. Narrow bands are caused by larger drops.
Sunlight is a combination of all colors. Different wave lengths of light exhibit different colors. You see the rainbow when the sun is behind you and the rain is in front of you. As a ray passes into a drop of rain, the water acts as a prism.
The ray is refracted as it enters the drop, and is diffracted into different colors. As it strikes the inner surface of the drop, it is reflected. On leaving the drop, it is further refracted and dispersed. Many drops produce a rainbow.
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